Friday, August 19, 2011

Valve



Working with a new pressure-regulating valve...but I've got something wrong, it seems, and this is not working as expected! Well that is a learning opportunity (if you see the glass as half-full) or a failure (if you see the glass as half-empty. To me, it's a learning opportunity.

Detail Work


Splicing together some tubing for the liquid cooling tubes that will circulate a cool fluid through my inner garments; I'm using a self-vulcanizing rubber tape to make the seals, which turn out to be watertight and very durable. Waiting for two valves and a hose to come in the mail; when they do, and they're all installed....I think it will be time for the full pressure test!

Friday, August 12, 2011

Testbed




Last night I built the testbed, a framework that supports the breathing / suit gas pressurization tank and the instrument panel; it's on wheels, so it can be moved easily, and the hoses are long enough to conveniently reach the suit ports. The suit has just one or two small adjustments to make before the end-of-August full test. That will be an exciting day!

Monday, August 8, 2011

Another World


Good diving weekend; watching a large crab using a claw to pry open an oyster was mesmerizing. Todd and I also glided through a thick stand of plumose anemones, waist high. At the dive shop we talked to the owner, Ron, who as part of the US Navy's Experimental Diving Unit in the 1960's was the first person to dive at 1,000 feet depth. Quite a story!

Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Falling to Earth




Finally, an evocative description of one of the space era's most intriguing domains; that of the command module pilot, who orbited the moon alone as his companions explored the surface. By Apollo 15, in 1971, NASA was confident enough to keep astronauts on the moon for several days, in contrast to Apollo 11's 'touch and go' in which the astronauts descended to the surface, popped out briefly and then got the Hell out of there and back to Earth in a hurry. No, by Apollo 15 the project was all about science and exploration, and command module pilot Al Worden's book "Falling to Earth" narrates his experience of flying the command module, alone, around the moon for three days. Other astronaut's memoirs have been evocative on occasion, but in the relevant chapters, Worden (and his coauthor, Francis French) draws me right into the cabin with him, for experiences we normally associate with science fiction. But, in my experience and as revealed in Worden's experiences, fiction is a hack-job compared to reality. In the photo (click for mind-expanding enlargement), crater Tsiolkovski from an altitude of just under 50,000 feet above the surface of the moon.


“And then I slipped around the back of the moon once again…I couldn’t talk to Jim, Dave or the Earth. I was the most isolated human in existence…I didn’t feel lonely or isolated…I had a meticulously choreographed three days ahead of me…I needed to use the sextant, the windows…

The moon looked enormous from such a low orbit. From Earth, I’d had no sense of its vertical features. Now…I saw the outer rings of molten waves formed by meteor impacts…As I constantly rounded a curve and angled surface, the tops of these hills would peek over the horizon before I reached them, and once I passed over them the landscape would plunge thousands of feet in steep, shadowed crater walls. With no atmosphere to soften the view, every crater and boulder was sharp and crisp.
I felt like a sailor crossing a dark ocean…Gliding over Picard crater, I could see delicate layers of lava…all the way down to the bottom. They alternated between thin light and dark bands…

I orbited alone in a detached, eerie silence, my spacecraft on a smooth trajectory. When I flew jets back on Earth, I was used to little bumps as I cruised through air and the roar of the engine. Here there was stillness and peace. It was more like riding in a hot-air balloon, drifting with no sense of motion…The only noise came from pumps and fans running in the background…Since my life depended on this machine, I was hyperaware of unusual sounds.

I curved around the moon to where no sunlight or Earthshine could reach me. In the dark and quiet, I felt like a bird of the night, silently gliding and falling around the moon, never touching. I turned the cabin lights off. There was no end to the stars. I could see tens, perhaps hundreds of times more stars than on the darkest night on Earth…There were so many, I could no longer find constellations. My vision was filled with a blaze of starlight…I sensed that there was so much more out there that our Earthly philosophies would lead us to believe.”



Excerpted from Falling to Earth: An Apollo 15 Astronaut's Journey to the Moon(c) 2011 by Alfred Worden and Francis French.

Saturday, July 30, 2011

Internals



Above, the pressure suit bladder and restraining cover, essentially ready for full testing. Also, the many systems I have to perfect inside the suit, including the oral-nasal mask (finally sewed its protective cordura cover), fine adjustment of the breathing gas-in and gas-out hoses (coming off the oral-nasal mask), communications in (earbud; I need to splice another into the line so that I have two), communications out (the 'throat microphone' that allows me to speak through the walkie-talkie, because speaking into the O-N mask garbles the words), and the liner suit coolant hoses (clear plastic) that will circulate a non-freezable liquid through the hose, where it will pick up excess body heat--particularly at the neck, where so many blood vessels are close to the surface--and carry it out of the suit.

Getting close to being ready for my 30 August deadline for having the suit ready to climb into for a full-pressure suited test. Plenty to keep me busy every night till then!

Monday, July 25, 2011

New Skies

Looking up at 'the sky', now--having hurtled through it in aluminum cylinders, and glided through it on my own wing 2,000 feet above pine-tops--I separate it into layers. The near sky contains those big, puffy clouds, the ones you know from punching through them in a jetliner. They're just a few thousand feet up; skydivers drop through them from 12,000 feet or so, whooping with joy. These clouds are recent evaporates, just up from the Earth; they derive from snowpacks, or high alpine lakes, or even from the sea surface, and I imagine that they carry a faint taste of their origins. These are close and recent clouds.

There is a more distant layer, though, far above these hurried bulbs; stratospheric clouds, wisps, paintbrush strokes. The scientific terminology of these various layers, I've learned, is completely unsystematic, a hodge-podge, and so no wonder I ignored its nonsense for so long.’ Altostratus’, some are, ‘cirrostratus’ others, but the terminology doesn't connect these forms in any coherent way. So I forget that terminology.

There are, for me, the lower clouds, the puffballs that hurry along and that planes ascend and descend through with the delicous feeling, as you look out the airplane window, of power, as you feel the pilot touch up throttle and the plane, as ever, powers through and ascends and then finally lands with the softest bump.

High above these distractions, though, are the lower-stratosphere clouds, 20,000 and more feet up, five miles and more up. When I see these narrow washes I think, "That's where I'm going." And even these, I realize, are just waypoints, at least for those with a larger vision, a vision of human movement out from Earth. These are the real heavenly gates, the last substantial concentrations of Earth matter before one enters space and the larger universe beyond.

I won't be going that far, though; time and money see to it that space, the universe, are out of reach. No, the farthest I can move from the surface that we humans have felt so connected to, for so many million years and so artificially, is that ghostly brushing well up beyond the low puffs. Fifty thousand feet is what my time and money can afford. So be it.

Those high strokes are acres of ice crystals, blown fast in great, three-dimensional herds. They move fast, hundreds of miles an hour, sheets and waves of them, though you can't tell it from the ground. 'Just clouds' people might say, looking back to their cellphones.

And beyond these high lines, of course, is the cloudless sky, where there is great silence and thinness, and the gasses that have supported the human frame for millions of years become so scarce as to preclude our life there without special inventions; pressure suits or capsules that today we build but that, I believe, will eventually be grown like plants.

Up there, just a few miles away, in fact, the atmosphere thins to the point of absence that we call 'space'. During the day, from sea level, this absence is a thin blue, though richer and deeper if you tilt your head back and look straight up. I've seen it from closer up, though, and it is astounding that just ten thousand feet of altitude, as on a mountain-top, that richer color is not blue but a seemingly lifeless, electric blue-black. You imagine, on a mountain-top during the day, that you might almost see stars. You cannot, but only a few hours makes the difference, and then the stars wink into sight as the sliver of Earth that you ride upon revolves away from the Sun.

Illusion is stacked upon illusion; that stratosphere is no sterile void, but home to many species of freely-floating, single-celled life forms. Some have been blasted into the stratosphere by volcanic eruptions; others, according to some scientists, are visitors from space, life forms the Earth picks up as it moves through great clouds of organic, cosmic debris. Whatever the case, there is life up there in those highest brushstrokes, and some of it is built from the same DNA that builds our own bodies.

So, above the lower puffs are the icy swaths, and beyond them things thin to space. Two hundred miles up--Portland to Seattle, London to Paris--there is the end of the Earth's gaseous bubble, and a new environment entirely begins. It is cold in shade, 200 below, and hot in the sun, 200 above. There is oxygen here, but not nearly enough to breathe, the atoms fly free and separate, and not far from the rind of the Earth even that gas fails almost entirely; and not far from that barrier commences interstellar space, where the is little of anything at all for vast--but not incalculable--distances. Those blanks on the map did not matter in the past and they will not matter in the future. What will matter will be the rich places between these opennesses, and we discover them now at a rate of one new planet a week, orbiting distant, alien stars. As a species, we'll either go to these places, or perish here in our cradle, either by our own hand or by one of the multitude of threats to Earth life, from comets to supervolcanism. The choice is ours.

Fifty thousand feet! My target. Fifty thousand feet! Evenings and weekends, I build the equipment that will support me there. Before long I will be up there, as far from the surface of Earth as I can get. I know I will reach up, extend an arm, before my supplies run low and I will be forced to return to Earth.

(c) 2011 Cameron M. Smith